Specialised equipment for safe solar observation
Explore the Sun with H-alpha telescopes & more
White light filter
BRESSER Solar Eclipse Glasses (5 pieces)
€13.90*
With the BRESSER Solar Eclipse Glasses, you can experience one of nature's most captivating events safely and effortlessly. Whether it's an annular, total, or partial eclipse, the sight of the moon crossing in front of the sun is always breathtaking. Designed to protect your eyes, these specialist glasses are crafted in the USA to meet the highest safety standards.
BRESSER Eclipse Glasses: Your safe window to the sun
The glasses feature premium-quality white light filter film that effectively blocks harmful UV and IR rays. This ensures a bright and natural yellow image of the sun. Thanks to their sturdy construction, these glasses are built for repeated use. You can even use them to spot large sunspots or enjoy the rare sight of planes flying in front of the sun.
Be prepared for the next eclipse and enjoy safe solar viewing with the BRESSER Solar Eclipse Glasses.
FEATURES
Specialist glasses for safe solar eclipse viewing
Provides a natural, bright yellow image of the sun
Ideal for safe visual solar observation
Durable and resistant to damage
Ready to use immediately
Complies with EN ISO 12312-2:2015 standards, verified by independent testing at ICS INC. Laboratories
SCOPE OF DELIVERY
5x Solar Eclipse Glasses
BRESSER Solar Eclipse Glasses (3 pieces)
€8.90*
With the BRESSER Solar Eclipse Glasses, you can experience one of nature's most captivating events safely and effortlessly. Whether it's an annular, total, or partial eclipse, the sight of the moon crossing in front of the sun is always breathtaking. Designed to protect your eyes, these specialist glasses are crafted in the USA to meet the highest safety standards.
BRESSER Eclipse Glasses: Your safe window to the sun
The glasses feature premium-quality white light filter film that effectively blocks harmful UV and IR rays. This ensures a bright and natural yellow image of the sun. Thanks to their sturdy construction, these glasses are built for repeated use. You can even use them to spot large sunspots or enjoy the rare sight of planes flying in front of the sun.
Be prepared for the next eclipse and enjoy safe solar viewing with the BRESSER Solar Eclipse Glasses.
FEATURES
Specialist glasses for safe solar eclipse viewing
Provides a natural, bright yellow image of the sun
Ideal for safe visual solar observation
Durable and resistant to damage
Ready to use immediately
Complies with EN ISO 12312-2:2015 standards, verified by independent testing at ICS INC. Laboratories
SCOPE OF DELIVERY
3x Solar Eclipse Glasses
BRESSER Solar Eclipse Glasses (10 pieces)
€24.90*
With the BRESSER Solar Eclipse Glasses, you can experience one of nature's most captivating events safely and effortlessly. Whether it's an annular, total, or partial eclipse, the sight of the moon crossing in front of the sun is always breathtaking. Designed to protect your eyes, these specialist glasses are crafted in the USA to meet the highest safety standards.
BRESSER Eclipse Glasses: Your safe window to the sun
The glasses feature premium-quality white light filter film that effectively blocks harmful UV and IR rays. This ensures a bright and natural yellow image of the sun. Thanks to their sturdy construction, these glasses are built for repeated use. You can even use them to spot large sunspots or enjoy the rare sight of planes flying in front of the sun.
Be prepared for the next eclipse and enjoy safe solar viewing with the BRESSER Solar Eclipse Glasses.
FEATURES
Specialist glasses for safe solar eclipse viewing
Provides a natural, bright yellow image of the sun
Ideal for safe visual solar observation
Durable and resistant to damage
Ready to use immediately
Complies with EN ISO 12312-2:2015 standards, verified by independent testing at ICS INC. Laboratories
SCOPE OF DELIVERY
10x Solar Eclipse Glasses
BRESSER Solar Eclipse Glasses (1 piece)
€3.20*
With the BRESSER Solar Eclipse Glasses, you can experience one of nature's most captivating events safely and effortlessly. Whether it's an annular, total, or partial eclipse, the sight of the moon crossing in front of the sun is always breathtaking. Designed to protect your eyes, these specialist glasses are crafted in the USA to meet the highest safety standards.
BRESSER Eclipse Glasses: Your safe window to the sun
The glasses feature premium-quality white light filter film that effectively blocks harmful UV and IR rays. This ensures a bright and natural yellow image of the sun. Thanks to their sturdy construction, these glasses are built for repeated use. You can even use them to spot large sunspots or enjoy the rare sight of planes flying in front of the sun.
Be prepared for the next eclipse and enjoy safe solar viewing with the BRESSER Solar Eclipse Glasses.
FEATURES
Specialist glasses for safe solar eclipse viewing
Provides a natural, bright yellow image of the sun
Ideal for safe visual solar observation
Durable and resistant to damage
Ready to use immediately
Complies with EN ISO 12312-2:2015 standards, verified by independent testing at ICS INC. Laboratories
SCOPE OF DELIVERY
1x Solar Eclipse Glasses
EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC Solarix Solar Filter Film A4
€19.90*
​Explore Scientific Solarix Solar Filter Film.Watch Solar Eclipses, Sun Spots, Planet Transits, crossing aircrafts and satellites.Suitable for making your individual solar filter for
telescopes, binoculars, photo- and video cameras.New developed solar filter film that has the optical
quality of the glass with the advantages of impregnated polymer.Collateral protection by using impregnated polymer
and additional filter coated surface.Creates a very natural and yellow solar image.Also qualified for high magnifications.Consistent brightness and even density with any aperture.Ideal for visual observing and photographic use.Light weight and does not require re-balancing tube
assembly.Flat
surface compared to other thin film filters that have wrinkles and
creases.Resistant against any damage.Construction manual included for making your individual solar filter and eclipse glasses.100% safeSpecifications:Material thickness: 0.05mm Optical density: 5Optical transmission: 1/1000 of 1% (99.999% incoming light blocked)Dimension: A4 - 210 x 297mmSCOPE OF DELIVERYSolar Filter Film, A4 sizeHard carton stencil for cutting out a telescope filter holder and eclipse glassesContruction- and Instruction manual Additional materials which need to be purchased separately:Double sided gluing tape.Universal adhessive glue.Paper scissor.
BRESSER Solar Eclipse Glasses (25 pieces)
€59.00*
With the BRESSER Solar Eclipse Glasses, you can experience one of nature's most captivating events safely and effortlessly. Whether it's an annular, total, or partial eclipse, the sight of the moon crossing in front of the sun is always breathtaking. Designed to protect your eyes, these specialist glasses are crafted in the USA to meet the highest safety standards.
BRESSER Eclipse Glasses: Your safe window to the sun
The glasses feature premium-quality white light filter film that effectively blocks harmful UV and IR rays. This ensures a bright and natural yellow image of the sun. Thanks to their sturdy construction, these glasses are built for repeated use. You can even use them to spot large sunspots or enjoy the rare sight of planes flying in front of the sun.
Be prepared for the next eclipse and enjoy safe solar viewing with the BRESSER Solar Eclipse Glasses.
FEATURES
Specialist glasses for safe solar eclipse viewing
Provides a natural, bright yellow image of the sun
Ideal for safe visual solar observation
Durable and resistant to damage
Ready to use immediately
Complies with EN ISO 12312-2:2015 standards, verified by independent testing at ICS INC. Laboratories
SCOPE OF DELIVERY
25x Solar Eclipse Glasses
BRESSER Solar Eclipse Glasses (50 pieces)
€109.00*
With the BRESSER Solar Eclipse Glasses, you can experience one of nature's most captivating events safely and effortlessly. Whether it's an annular, total, or partial eclipse, the sight of the moon crossing in front of the sun is always breathtaking. Designed to protect your eyes, these specialist glasses are crafted in the USA to meet the highest safety standards.
BRESSER Eclipse Glasses: Your safe window to the sun
The glasses feature premium-quality white light filter film that effectively blocks harmful UV and IR rays. This ensures a bright and natural yellow image of the sun. Thanks to their sturdy construction, these glasses are built for repeated use. You can even use them to spot large sunspots or enjoy the rare sight of planes flying in front of the sun.
Be prepared for the next eclipse and enjoy safe solar viewing with the BRESSER Solar Eclipse Glasses.
FEATURES
Specialist glasses for safe solar eclipse viewing
Provides a natural, bright yellow image of the sun
Ideal for safe visual solar observation
Durable and resistant to damage
Ready to use immediately
Complies with EN ISO 12312-2:2015 standards, verified by independent testing at ICS INC. Laboratories
SCOPE OF DELIVERY
50x Solar Eclipse Glasses
BRESSER Solar Eclipse Glasses (100 pieces)
€189.00*
With the BRESSER Solar Eclipse Glasses, you can experience one of nature's most captivating events safely and effortlessly. Whether it's an annular, total, or partial eclipse, the sight of the moon crossing in front of the sun is always breathtaking. Designed to protect your eyes, these specialist glasses are crafted in the USA to meet the highest safety standards.
BRESSER Eclipse Glasses: Your safe window to the sun
The glasses feature premium-quality white light filter film that effectively blocks harmful UV and IR rays. This ensures a bright and natural yellow image of the sun. Thanks to their sturdy construction, these glasses are built for repeated use. You can even use them to spot large sunspots or enjoy the rare sight of planes flying in front of the sun.
Be prepared for the next eclipse and enjoy safe solar viewing with the BRESSER Solar Eclipse Glasses.
FEATURES
Specialist glasses for safe solar eclipse viewing
Provides a natural, bright yellow image of the sun
Ideal for safe visual solar observation
Durable and resistant to damage
Ready to use immediately
Complies with EN ISO 12312-2:2015 standards, verified by independent testing at ICS INC. Laboratories
SCOPE OF DELIVERY
100x Solar Eclipse Glasses
EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC Sun Catcher Solar Filter for 150-160mm Newtonians
€41.90*
Explore Scientific's Sun Catcher Variable Large Aperture Solar Filters are available in many sizes to work on most telescopes from 60mm up to 10-inch Schmidt-Cassegrain and of course all Bresser and Explore Scientific Telescopes. The Solar Filter material being used is the new advanced 'Solarlite' Film manufactured by world famous Thousand Oaks Optical through years of research and development. 'Solarlite' a new solar film that has the optical quality of glass with the advantages of impregnated polymer. Perfect also for the solar astrophotographer.NOTE: All Explore Scientific Solar Equipment is rated ISO12312-2 supplied by Thousand Oaks Optical and approved for direct observation of the Sun. These solar filters are available in different sizes, the picture above shows three different sizes as an example. This is the solar filter with 127mm filter diameter.SPEZIFICATIONSSpecial objective filter for safe solar observationsISO12312-2 ratedField-stop diameter 127mmFits to outer telescope tube diameter from 150 to 280mmQuick individual match with your telescope diameterFast Setup - Easy UseSCOPE OF DELIVERY1x Sun Catcher solar filter
BRESSER Solar Eclipse Glasses (250 pieces)
€398.00*
With the BRESSER Solar Eclipse Glasses, you can experience one of nature's most captivating events safely and effortlessly. Whether it's an annular, total, or partial eclipse, the sight of the moon crossing in front of the sun is always breathtaking. Designed to protect your eyes, these specialist glasses are crafted in the USA to meet the highest safety standards.
BRESSER Eclipse Glasses: Your safe window to the sun
The glasses feature premium-quality white light filter film that effectively blocks harmful UV and IR rays. This ensures a bright and natural yellow image of the sun. Thanks to their sturdy construction, these glasses are built for repeated use. You can even use them to spot large sunspots or enjoy the rare sight of planes flying in front of the sun.
Be prepared for the next eclipse and enjoy safe solar viewing with the BRESSER Solar Eclipse Glasses.
FEATURES
Specialist glasses for safe solar eclipse viewing
Provides a natural, bright yellow image of the sun
Ideal for safe visual solar observation
Durable and resistant to damage
Ready to use immediately
Complies with EN ISO 12312-2:2015 standards, verified by independent testing at ICS INC. Laboratories
SCOPE OF DELIVERY
250x Solar Eclipse Glasses
LUNT Mini SUNoculars blue
€34.90*
​Small 6x30 binoculars for solar observing in White-Light.This truly pocket sized binoculars with 6x magnification are only for solar observing. You can view and safely study large Sun-spots, transits and solar eclipses. The Sun's image shows in a pleasing orange colour, rather in a harsh blue-white, as it does in some other white light filters.Lunt Mini SUNoculars have White-Light filter film installed inside the binoculars. This makes solar observation 100% safe. The light of the sun is reduced to a comfortable 0.00001% transmission and all ultra-violet and infrared components are completely and safely blocked.Lunt SUNoculars are manufactured to the same standards of safety typical to the entire family of Lunt Solar products - the premier manufacturer of Solar telescopes and filters.FEATURESMagnification: 6xObjective lens diameter: 30mmEye relief: 9mmTransmission: 0.00001% (OD5)Filter type: Solar film, CE certifiedLength: 105mmWidth: 110mmWeight: 160gSCOPE OF DELIVERYMini SUNoculars in blister packStrap
LUNT Mini SUNoculars red
€34.90*
​Small 6x30 binoculars for solar observing in White-Light.This truly pocket sized binoculars with 6x magnification are only for solar observing. You can view and safely study large Sun-spots, transits and solar eclipses. The Sun's image shows in a pleasing orange colour, rather in a harsh blue-white, as it does in some other white light filters.Lunt Mini SUNoculars have White-Light filter film installed inside the binoculars. This makes solar observation 100% safe. The light of the sun is reduced to a comfortable 0.00001% transmission and all ultra-violet and infrared components are completely and safely blocked.Lunt SUNoculars are manufactured to the same standards of safety typical to the entire family of Lunt Solar products - the premier manufacturer of Solar telescopes and filters.FEATURESMagnification: 6xObjective lens diameter: 30mmEye relief: 9mmTransmission: 0.00001% (OD5)Filter type: Solar film, CE certifiedLength: 105mmWidth: 110mmWeight: 160gSCOPE OF DELIVERYMini SUNoculars in blister packStrap
LUNT LS1.25HW 31.7mm (1.25'') Herschel Wedge
€229.00*
This Herschel wedge is designed for superior White-Light solar observing and imaging. It can be used with refracting telescopes up to 102mm aperture, with 1.25'' focuser. This complete system comes with installed ND3.0 filter.Herschel Wedges are used to observe the sun in White Light. Around 95% of the Sun's light is suppressed by the wedge's ceramic prism. The remaining sun light is dimmed further by a factory-installed ND3.0 grey filter. Lunt Solar Systems Herschel wedges are installed in a fully closed housing with integrated heat trap. No stray light can escape from this, therefore it is very safe method of observing our nearest star.The difference between Herschel-wedges and normal front mounted filters is that the filtering takes place just before the eyepiece or camera. This provides better contrast and sharpness of the solar image - with more surface detail visible as a result. Furthermore, a Herschel wedge is inherently safer than at a front mounted filter. A Herschel wedge can not rip or become punctured like a foil filter can be and it cannot become detached from the telescope objective accidentally.Only for use with refractor telescopes up to 102mm aperture:Because the full energy and heat of the sun inside the telescope, we advise solely using refractors for Herschel-wedge use. The refractor must not have corrector lenses at the back. Optical elements like corrector lenses, or secondary mirrors of reflecting telescopes, could suffer from thermal build-up by concentrated solar energy and could be permanently damaged.Tuning the brightness:Because the Herschel-wedge produces polarised light, you can use a normal polarising filter at the eyepiece, or camera-adapter. By turning the polarising filter the image brightness can be varied to the user's liking.This additional Polarising filter is not included. We recommend the BRESSER 1.25'' polarising filter, no: 4946464.FEATURESFor refractor telescopes up to 102mm apertureConnection to telescope: 1.25''Connection to eyepiece: 1.25''90° housing like star-diagonalEspecially high-quality optical surfaces for very good contrastFully closed housing with integrated heat trapNo stray light escaping - therefore it is very safeThe needed ND3.0 filter is fix installedWHAT'S INCLUDEDHerschel-wedge for 1.25'' focuserIntegrated ND3.0 filterTransport caseInstruction manual
BRESSER Solar Eclipse Glasses (1000 pieces)
€1,290.00*
With the BRESSER Solar Eclipse Glasses, you can experience one of nature's most captivating events safely and effortlessly. Whether it's an annular, total, or partial eclipse, the sight of the moon crossing in front of the sun is always breathtaking. Designed to protect your eyes, these specialist glasses are crafted in the USA to meet the highest safety standards.
BRESSER Eclipse Glasses: Your safe window to the sun
The glasses feature premium-quality white light filter film that effectively blocks harmful UV and IR rays. This ensures a bright and natural yellow image of the sun. Thanks to their sturdy construction, these glasses are built for repeated use. You can even use them to spot large sunspots or enjoy the rare sight of planes flying in front of the sun.
Be prepared for the next eclipse and enjoy safe solar viewing with the BRESSER Solar Eclipse Glasses.
FEATURES
Specialist glasses for safe solar eclipse viewing
Provides a natural, bright yellow image of the sun
Ideal for safe visual solar observation
Durable and resistant to damage
Ready to use immediately
Complies with EN ISO 12312-2:2015 standards, verified by independent testing at ICS INC. Laboratories
SCOPE OF DELIVERY
1000x Solar Eclipse Glasses
EXPLORE SCIENTIFIC Sun Catcher Solar Filter for 150-165mm Refr.+8" SC
€49.90*
Explore Scientific's Sun Catcher Variable Large Aperture Solar Filters are available in many sizes to work on most telescopes from 60mm up to 10-inch Schmidt-Cassegrain and of course all Bresser and Explore Scientific Telescopes. The Solar Filter material being used is the new advanced 'Solarlite' Film manufactured by world famous Thousand Oaks Optical through years of research and development. 'Solarlite' a new solar film that has the optical quality of glass with the advantages of impregnated polymer. Perfect also for the solar astrophotographer.NOTE: All Explore Scientific Solar Equipment is rated ISO12312-2 supplied by Thousand Oaks Optical and approved for direct observation of the Sun. These solar filters are available in different sizes, the picture above shows three different sizes as an example. This is the solar filter with 165mm filter diameter.SPEZIFICATIONSSpecial objective filter for safe solar observationsISO12312-2 ratedField-stop diameter 165mmFits to outer telescope tube diameter from 150 to 280mmQuick individual match with your telescope diameterFast Setup - Easy UseSCOPE OF DELIVERY1x Sun Catcher solar filter
LUNT LS2HW 50.8mm (2'') Herschel-wedge
€598.00*
Herschel-wedge / Solar-wedge for superior White-Light solar observing and imaging. For refractor-telescopes up to 150mm aperture, and with 2'' focuser. Complete system with installed ND3.0 filter.Herschel-Wedges will be used to observe the sun in White-Light. Around 95 % of the sun light will be suppressed by the Herschel Wedge. The remaining sun light will be dimmed by a fix installed ND3.0 grey filter. Lunt Solar Systems Herschel-wedges are installed in a fully closed housing with integrated heat trap. There is no stray light escaping, therefore it is very safe.The difference between Herschel-wedges and normal front mounted filters is, that the filtering takes place just before the eyepiece or camera. This will provide a better contrast and sharpness of the solar image.Furthermore, there is more safety at a Herschel-wedge than at a front mounted filter. A Herschel-wedge can not rip or become holes like a foil. And also it can not drop down from the telescope objective accidentally.Only for use with refractor telescopes up to 150mm aperture:Because the full energy and heat of the sun will be inside the telescope, we advise to use only refractors with a Herschel-wedge. The refractor must not have corrector lenses at the back. Optical elements like corrector lenses, or secondary mirrors of reflector telescopes, become very hot by the concentrated solar energy and could be damaged.Tuning the brightness:Because the Herschel-wedge produce polarized light, you can use a normal polarizing filter at the eyepiece or camera-adapter. By turning the polarizing filter the brightness will be reduced.Polarizing filter not included. We recommend the BRESSER 2'' polarizing filter 4946465.FEATURESFor refractor-telescopes up to 150mm apertureConnection to telescope: 2''Connection to eyepiece: 2''90° housing like star-diagonalEspecially high-quality optical surfaces for very good contrastFully closed housing with integrated heat trapNo stray light escaping - therefore it is very safeThe needed ND3.0 filter is fix installedSCOPE OF DELIVERYHerschel-wedge for 2'' focuserIntegrated ND3.0 filterHardcaseInstruction manual
LUNT Mini SUNoculars yellow
€34.90*
​Small 6x30 binoculars for solar observing in White-Light.This truly pocket sized binoculars with 6x magnification are only for solar observing. You can view and safely study large Sun-spots, transits and solar eclipses. The Sun's image shows in a pleasing orange colour, rather in a harsh blue-white, as it does in some other white light filters.Lunt Mini SUNoculars have White-Light filter film installed inside the binoculars. This makes solar observation 100% safe. The light of the sun is reduced to a comfortable 0.00001% transmission and all ultra-violet and infrared components are completely and safely blocked.Lunt SUNoculars are manufactured to the same standards of safety typical to the entire family of Lunt Solar products - the premier manufacturer of Solar telescopes and filters.FEATURESMagnification: 6xObjective lens diameter: 30mmEye relief: 9mmTransmission: 0.00001% (OD5)Filter type: Solar film, CE certifiedLength: 105mmWidth: 110mmWeight: 160gSCOPE OF DELIVERYMini SUNoculars in blister packStrap
BRESSER Solar Eclipse Glasses (500 pieces)
€698.00*
With the BRESSER Solar Eclipse Glasses, you can experience one of nature's most captivating events safely and effortlessly. Whether it's an annular, total, or partial eclipse, the sight of the moon crossing in front of the sun is always breathtaking. Designed to protect your eyes, these specialist glasses are crafted in the USA to meet the highest safety standards.
BRESSER Eclipse Glasses: Your safe window to the sun
The glasses feature premium-quality white light filter film that effectively blocks harmful UV and IR rays. This ensures a bright and natural yellow image of the sun. Thanks to their sturdy construction, these glasses are built for repeated use. You can even use them to spot large sunspots or enjoy the rare sight of planes flying in front of the sun.
Be prepared for the next eclipse and enjoy safe solar viewing with the BRESSER Solar Eclipse Glasses.
FEATURES
Specialist glasses for safe solar eclipse viewing
Provides a natural, bright yellow image of the sun
Ideal for safe visual solar observation
Durable and resistant to damage
Ready to use immediately
Complies with EN ISO 12312-2:2015 standards, verified by independent testing at ICS INC. Laboratories
SCOPE OF DELIVERY
500x Solar Eclipse Glasses
LUNT 8x32 White-Light SUNoculars
€189.00*
Portable 8x32 Binoculars for solar observing in White-Light.This handy binoculars with 8x magnification are only for solar observing. You can view and safely study Sun Spot activity, planetary transits, and eclipses.Lunt SUNoculars have front mounted fully dense white light glass filters making solar observation 100% safe. These front filters are precision polished to ensure the highest level of viewing quality. The light of the sun is reduced to a comfortable 0.00001% transmission and all ultra-violet and infrared components are completely and safely blocked.Lunt SUNoculars are manufactured to the same standards of safety typical to the entire family of Lunt Solar products - the premier manufacturer of Solar telescopes and filters.FEATURESMagnification: 8xObjective lens diameter: 32mmEye relief: 13.6mmTransmission: 0.00001% (OD5)Length: 140mmWidth: 110mmWeight: 750gHousing color: RedSCOPE OF DELIVERYSUNocularsSoft caseStrapLens capsCleaning cloth
BRESSER Solar Eclipse Glasses (5000 pieces)
€4,998.00*
With the BRESSER Solar Eclipse Glasses, you can experience one of nature's most captivating events safely and effortlessly. Whether it's an annular, total, or partial eclipse, the sight of the moon crossing in front of the sun is always breathtaking. Designed to protect your eyes, these specialist glasses are crafted in the USA to meet the highest safety standards.
BRESSER Eclipse Glasses: Your safe window to the sun
The glasses feature premium-quality white light filter film that effectively blocks harmful UV and IR rays. This ensures a bright and natural yellow image of the sun. Thanks to their sturdy construction, these glasses are built for repeated use. You can even use them to spot large sunspots or enjoy the rare sight of planes flying in front of the sun.
Be prepared for the next eclipse and enjoy safe solar viewing with the BRESSER Solar Eclipse Glasses.
FEATURES
Specialist glasses for safe solar eclipse viewing
Provides a natural, bright yellow image of the sun
Ideal for safe visual solar observation
Durable and resistant to damage
Ready to use immediately
Complies with EN ISO 12312-2:2015 standards, verified by independent testing at ICS INC. Laboratories
SCOPE OF DELIVERY
5000x Solar Eclipse Glasses
White-Light Filters
Herschel-wedges are used for solar observing in white-light. Contrast and sharpness are much better by using a Herschel-wedge than using a front mounted solar filter. Herschel-wedges can be used for solar observing at refractor telescopes up to 150mm aperture.
